Complete Works of Charlotte Mason 1

Recently I bought the complete 6 volume series by Charlotte Mason. I had heard enough about her work, and read other authors (for example, Susan Schaeffer Macaulay) who had quoted and described her methodology that I thought it was time to get to the source, and read the original works for myself. I am aware it will take me some time to read and digest all that is there, so rather than writing a ‘book review’, I think I’ll share excerpts as I go along.

Firstly, you must bear in mind when these books were written. Charlotte Mason founded her ‘House of Education’ in Ambleside (the English Lake District, which is very beautiful if you ever have the chance to go there) in 1892. The preface of the edition I am reading was written in 1905. So I expected them to be somewhat difficult to read in both style and content.

Instead, having only reached about page seven, I feel as though I have met a wise older aunt with a very witty humour. Through beautiful, expressive language, several commonsense principles are made clearly, boldly, and I believe are entirely relevant to our families today.

On the second page, she introduces her considerations in writing her philosophy of education by stating, ‘as mothers become more highly educated and efficient, they will doubtless feel the more strongly that the education of their children during the first six years of life is an undertaking hardly to be entrusted to any hands but their own’. Compare this with the prevalent worldview today, that as mothers become more highly educated and efficient, in fact education of their own children is considered too trivial and somewhat undeserving of their intellect, skill and energy. A very sad contrast.

But it was the following paragraph which really made me laugh, but also consider how sadly values have changed over the century since the books were written. I’ll quote at reasonable length. Lamenting the lapses she was already noting in terms of discipline, Charlotte states, ‘For instance, according to the former code, a mother might use her slipper now and then, to good effect and without blame; but now, the person of the child is, whether rightly or wrongly, held sacred, and the infliction of pain for moral purposes is pretty generally disallowed....That children should be trained to endure hardness was a principle of the old regime. “I shall never make a sailor if I can’t face the wind and rain”, said a little fellow of five who was taken out on a bitter night to see a torchlight procession; and though shaking with cold, he declined the shelter of a shed. Nowadays, the shed is everything; the children must not be permitted to suffer cold or exposure. That children should do as they are bid, mind their books, and take pleasure as it offers when nothing stands in the way, sums up the old theory; now, the pleasures of children are apt to be made of more account than their duties. Formerly, they were brought up in subjection; now, the elders give place and the world is made for the children. English people rarely go so far as the parents of that story in French Home Life, who arrived late at a dinner party, because they had been desired by their girl of three to undress and go to bed when she did, and were able to steal away only when the child was asleep. We do not go so far, but that is the direction in which we are moving; and how far the new theories of education are wise and humane, the outcome of more widely spread physiological and psychological knowledge, and how far they just pander to the child-worship to which we are all succumbing is not a question to be answered off-hand’.

That was refreshing to me. But I’m afraid to say, I know many parents who do just the type of thing that is here mocked as being over the top. I know several parents who do tiptoe around for an hour after putting their children to bed, talking in whispers, getting very upset if the doorbell or phone rings. I know many Christian families who I believe are falling into the error of idolising their children, of indulging their every whim in misguided ‘love’. Charlotte Mason clearly loved children. She dedicated her life to providing a rich and full educational curriculum for them. In many ways she was revolutionary, establishing key principles, the first of which is that ‘Children are born persons’, and should be treated with gentle respect as they develop as individuals. She was not a harsh disciplinarian who believed that children should ‘be seen and not heard’, by any stretch of the imagination. She clearly saw defective child rearing around her (and I imagine would shudder to see how things are done today), and spoke out clearly, and in my view, wisely.

I’m already thirsty to read more, and as I said before, I am only on page seven. I hope that my musings and excerpts are an encouragement to you also!

Lessons from everyday life: Bible stories in Africa

Many of us are familiar with the Bible verse, ‘All Scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for corrections, for instruction in righteousness, that the man of God may be complete, thoroughly equipped for every good work’ (2 Timothy 3:16). We often marvel at how a book consisting of 66 books, written by some 40 authors over about 2000 years is consistent with itself, and speaks throughout all generations. One wonderful thing about home education is that we can talk about and share the Bible stories with our children, contextualising them to wherever we are. We can discuss a situation in the light of scripture, and that favourite text from Deuteronomy Chapter 6 comes to life, ‘And these words which I command you today shall be in your heart, you shall teach them diligently to your children, and shall talk of them when you sit in your house, when you walk by the way, when you lie down and when your rise up’.

We have just returned from a couple of months in rural Africa. There were some stories which took on a new life for the children, and I’d like to share a couple.

1)      The woman at the well (John Chapter 4). The boys saw what hard work it was to draw water from a well. They saw that people would gather to draw water in the relative cool of the mornings and evenings, but only a glutton for punishment would go out to draw water in the heat of the day. They also could recognise how water drawing, although a chore, was an important time of community in the village, a time when the women would talk and laugh together and the children would play. They then understood that for the Samaritan woman to be out in the middle of the day, there really did have to be a problem in her relationship within her village. And yet that was the woman to whom Jesus went with his wonderful message of life.

2)      The instruction in 2 Corinthians 6:14, ‘Do not be unequally yoked together with unbelievers’. There were very few motor vehicles in the village, but we would often see ox carts and donkey carts pulling heavy loads. Sometimes the oxen almost seemed to be fighting against the yoke, but had no choice but to pull together. It was dramatic, and a very graphic illustration of what being yoked could mean.

3)      All the stories of the fishermen on the lake, and also of Jesus cooking breakfast for the disciples on a fire after His resurrection (as described in the gospel of John Chapter 21). We saw fishermen, and the work that was involved. We saw stormy waters. We cooked fish over an open fire in our garden. The boys’ eyes lit up when we then read them those stories from the Bible as they could recognise and relate in a new way.

4)      The power of the ocean. We start each morning with a Psalm, and when we read Psalm 98 verse 7, ‘Let the sea roar, and all its fullness’, my eldest boy told me that the sea did not roar. Several days later, as we stood on the beach, I asked him what noise the sea was making, and he was delighted to hear it roar. They were amazed by the noise and the power of the ocean

5)      Along those lines was a fresh wonder at the words of Micah, ‘He will gain have compassion on us, and will subdue our iniquities. You will cast all our sins into the depths of the sea’ (Micah 7:18-19). They may not have understood this fully, but they could see how anything left on the beach (or sandcastles they had built) were utterly swept away without trace.

6)      Jesus washing the disciples’ feet (John Chapter 13). Our feet were filthy for most of the time there! It was the dry season, and everywhere was covered in dust. Even after washing (in a bucket of cold water), there was ingrained dirt on our feet. In the UK, we don’t always understand just what feet can get like in hot, dusty climates!

7)      God’s words to Abraham, that his descendents would outnumber the stars (Genesis 15 verse 5); the stars were incredibly bright and clear in Africa, and we would tease the boys by asking them to try and count them all.

8)      Similarly, the beautiful words of Psalm 8, ‘When I consider your heavens, the work of your fingers, the moon and the stars, which you have ordained, what is man that you are mindful of him, and the son of man that you care for him?’ The sky was so incredible that on a couple of occasions we got the boys up from their beds in the middle of the night to stand outside and marvel.

9)      The parable about the separation of the sheep and the goats (Matthew Chapter 25). I often wondered, ‘What kind of fool could not distinguish a sheep from a goat?’ But that was in the UK, where the breeds of sheep and goat with which we are familiar are very clearly distinct. Not so in Africa! In fact it could be quite confusing at times, and my three year olds would more often correct me. ‘Why did you think it was a goat, mummy?’ – a perfect time to discuss with them how things can appear similar yet be radically different!

These are just a few examples. Soon, I must write a similar discussion regarding the opportunities that we have in the UK; it is easy to be excited and enthused by that which is novel, and not appreciate what is ‘normal’ and routine to us. I’d also love to know of your day-to-day examples of teaching the Bible to your children.

Whole family ministry

We are nearing the end of two months at a mission hospital in West Africa. It has been an astonishing time, in many ways. If I were to summarise the whole experience, I would quote Paul’s letter to the Ephesians (Chapter 3 v20-21):'Now to Him who is able to do exceedingly abundantly above all that we ask or think, according to the power that works in us, to Him be glory in the church by Christ Jesus to all generations forever and ever. Amen.’

I could list many answers to prayer – how we came to be here in the first place, the ‘doors’ that were opened to make that possible, God’s provision and timing, and then, on the field, incredible awareness of God at work. Several patients made incredible, unexplainable (in medical terms) recoveries following prayer, others were asking ‘the’ important questions of life and death. But that would be a post for a Christian Medical website perhaps.

What I want to write about here is an unexpected encouragement, relating to the involvement of the whole family in ministry. I’ve written about this before, but there have been times when I have felt a bit as though I hold to an ideal that might not really be possible in practice. We have endeavoured to keep our children together with us in worship as this seems the most ideal and biblical pattern – to worship the God we love with our family, and then to walk home discussing the things we have heard, the questions we have asked ourselves, the prayers we will make. Deuteronomy Chapter 6 seems to describe this when the nation of Israel was commanded, ‘You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, with all your soul and with all your strength. And these words which I command you today shall be in your heart. You shall teach them diligently to your children, and shall talk of them when you sit in your house, when you walk by the way, when you lie down and when you rise up.’ (Deuteronomy 6:5-7) It has taken time, but now aged three, the older boys do sit and listen, do ask questions, do remember what they have heard. Yes, they have times when they fidget or get distracted. I must confess, I do as well! But by and large, we are together as a family. We have been encouraged during our time here that others have been blessed by their childlike enthusiasm and attentiveness. As they are able to stay in the main service, they get to hear daddy preaching from time to time, and can hear that it is the same message, the same lessons that we are learning at home. And when we were prayed for by the church here on our final Sunday, they were also very much a part of that, whereas had they gone out with the Sunday School class, they would not have been included.

But more than that has been the encouragement of how the children have blessed others. I have been tempted to worry that looking after lively children impedes ‘important’ ministry. It is difficult to have an intense and deep conversation whilst running in several different directions or having multiple conversations at once, perhaps needing to interrupt a friend to take a boy to the toilet or to discipline them. But deep, intense, one-on-one conversations are not the only way in which you can serve God. We had not realised it, but we came to work with a team who were exhausted. Some members were close to ‘burn out’, there had been a number of difficult and heavy issues to face within the team, and there had been a fair bit of discouragement. The children brought some light-hearted relief to many tired missionaries who enjoyed chasing around the garden, going for walks through the village to the river, seeing their fresh excitement at every day African life. Without children, conversations may have been heavy, talking around complex issues with no clear resolution, whereas what was needed more was an injection of energy and freshness. Another benefit of being there with a family was that our home was always open. Whilst one parent was working in the clinic, the other was based at home. We were there over Christmas, and often bake together both mainly for fun, but with an awareness of theeducational opportunities arising. And children need to eat regularly, so we would often have visitors for meals or drinks several times in a day. Left to my own devices, I might not be keen to invite others to my home so often – tired after a long day at work, I would prefer to curl up with a book or spend time in reflection. But if we are sitting down for a meal anyway, it is no extra work to invite a few others and sometimes a welcoming home is just the thing that is needed for a weary soul. We just did what came naturally and shared our lives. The thing that was telling was at the end, when we were given some feedback, our home and family life was mentioned more as an encouragement than the work in the clinic (and between us, we were covering for 70-80 hours per week, so the work was not trivial). Our medical work was useful, but the role that encouraged and blessed others more was simply living our lives as we do anywhere in the world, and inviting others to join us. A couple of times a day we would walk in the village – in the mornings to buy bread and go to the market, and in the afternoons down to the baobab trees where there is cool shade and beautiful birdsong. We did our best with the local languages (and once more I was astonished at how well children pick up new tongues). As we did this, we would often greet those we passed by, and came to know where most of the church members lived. They remarked that this encouraged them by showing interest in their lives; again, we had not set out to ‘encourage the church membership’, but rather had simply lived our lives as a family.

I am encouraged because our current society, and even quite a few voices within the church, tend to dismiss children. It is better to keep them in a separate box, somewhere you can control them, somewhere they won’t disturb us from the ‘real’ business of worship or ministry. Whilst I have not agreed, there have been doubts in my mind. I have been told that I am too idealistic. I have been actively discouraged in what we have been seeking to build as a family. And so, these couple of months have been a great encouragement to us. We did nothing different here than what we seek to do in the UK, but God has blessed and refreshed us here. We did not come here with great aims or expectations, but rather prayed that every conversation and relationship would give Him honour. It is not often that you receive such clear encouragement, and so I wanted to post here to encourage others. If you are seeking to serve God as a family, take heart!

Encouragments from 2012: Growing up!

Lately, I have been astonished by how fast my boys are growing up. Perhaps every parent feels this way. You get used to one set of routines and activities that work well, but then things move and change, and what forms a ‘typical’ day is transient, gradually changing, shaping, evolving. All this is good! One of our main aims as parents is to help our children to grow, to develop, to learn, to become fully rounded people who will make the most of their strengths and opportunities in this world. But I still marvel at the development! A year ago, my older two were still in nappies, had somewhat limited speech, and required constant supervision both inside and outside the house. Now, I have two little adventurers who communicate freely and often surprisingly eloquently, can entertain each other for hours in the garden, playing complex games involving sticks, leaves, stones, any other objects that they find during their explorations, and have very clear and distinct personalities. 

My three and half year old loves using words in different ways, trying out the sound and taste of each. He talks of ‘torrential downpours’ rather than rain showers, ‘glorious sunsets’, ‘fabulously delicious food’, and many other detailed descriptions which really bring joy to the hearer. He is sometimes very solemn, with very accurate attention to detail; sometimes this can cause him to become upset and frustrated, for example when somebody neglects a detail or has not noticed something he has seen. For example, the other day, as we passed many mango trees (and this is not the mango season), he saw a low hanging fruit, but for a while nobody listened to the slightly agitated little boy trying to tell us he could see a mango. He was of course right, and delighted when we all stopped and took notice! My three year old has a more explosive personality; he has a laugh which is sufficiently infectious to make a busload of gloomy-faced adults smile, a delight in singing wholeheartedly and gives hugs which involve his whole body. He gets equally upset at times, and requires firm discipline and support as he learns to control his passions. Lately, he has become more interested in books, but one of his main enjoyments is drawing and painting. He can sit for a long time, patiently putting great detail into his delicate squiggles, taking delight in using and mixing colours. I love to let him do this freely, and develop the creativity which I think can be so easily squashed. The baby is ten months old now, and desperate to be running around after his brothers. He has a very placid temperament, putting up with a lot of very physical affection from the older two, and not even objecting too much when he gets sat on or covered in sand by them, as was the case this morning. However, he does get annoyed when somebody else’s food looks more interesting than his, and shows this dissatisfaction very clearly. He does not laugh often, but when he does, it is a wonderful sound. Yesterday, he tried to climb his first tree (not very successfully).

How does all of this affect home education? In some ways it doesn’t. The overall aims we have set ourselves as a family have not changed, yet the precise ways in which these aims are best achieved will certainly change as the children grow. One of the beauties of home education is that you can move at the pace of each individual child, and development of ‘curricula’ and teaching methods and materials is a natural extension which flows from day to day activities, questions and conversations. This is a far more gentle and natural approach than assuming that every three year old should be able to do X, Y and Z, and should be interested in A, B and C. It is ideal as you can embrace the strengths and interests of each child, whilst supporting and nurturing them to overcome their weaknesses. My three year old needs encouragement at times; his default reply to something he sees as challenging may often be, ‘I can’t!’ but you should see the delight on his face when with encouragement he is able to achieve a new task or activity. It takes time, it takes effort, but for all of us, it is rewarding! But I may well be ‘preaching to the choir’ here, as I imagine many readers are well aware of these benefits.

But specifically, there will be changes. Some of the ‘toddler’ activities we have been involved with are no longer helpful or necessary for the boys. They certainly prefer to be outdoors, and the free exploration that comes from running through parks and fields, collecting leaves, fruit, grasses, spotting and describing birds and insects, coming home and reading up on the things we have seen – these type of things are ideal at the moment. I have some friends with similar aged children who are also home educating, and we should aim to join together more regularly now the children are of an age where they are keen to develop relationships and imaginative play which requires many participants. One constraint we have found has been to do with schedules and routines; my boys still nap for between 1 and 2 hours in the middle of the day, and this is a routine which serves us all well as a family. However, a drawback can mean that full day excursions, or things taking place around lunchtime, are not ideal for us, whilst they are often best for others. Again, I think I should be more pro-active in inviting others to join with things that we are doing anyway, such as mornings at the museum, afternoons in the park, walks around the docks, singing and music times at home. It is easy to feel frustrated by your own limitations (whether these be personal or practical) rather than seek imaginative ways to overcome them (and not to see them as limitations, but differences).

Another big change for our family is that my maternity leave will come to an end. My husband and I will revert to working half the week each. This suits us well too; we have quite different strengths, and by choosing this flexible working pattern, the boys benefit from the best of both worlds. As parents, we also feel more refreshed, both at home and at work. For both of us, work this year will involve periods in Africa, and one question we still need to answer is how long one parent should be away for before we choose to make it a family trip; this can also be logistically challenging in terms of the other person negotiating holiday and study leave to cover the same period. But it is fun – and our current two month stint in West Africa, which initially felt like a somewhat mad idea, is proving just how possible and worthwhile this kind of model can be. Sometimes I find myself getting anxious. I can start the year thinking that what we hope to achieve seems simply impossible. But I look back over many events in the past few years which I thought would be impossible, and see God’s faithfulness and provision. I particularly need to remember that if something is truly what God wants us to be doing as a family, even if it initially seems impossible, He will open the necessary doors to make things work out. I don’t get anxious when I take things week by week, or even month by month; the worries start when I think beyond about six months. An important lesson for me to remember this year is contained in the words of Jesus, recorded in the gospel of Matthew, chapter 6 verse 24: ‘Therefore do not worry about tomorrow, for tomorrow will worry about its own things. Sufficient for the day is its own trouble’. This must be balanced with other passages of the Bible which speak of wisdom, of prayerful deliberations and planning; it is not a licence to embark upon foolish endeavours and trust that God will mop up the mess! Bearing this in mind, it brings comfort and encouragement that as we seek to do the will of God in our family, He will provide all we need, whether guidance, physical and material provisions, or logistics which enable us to work together as a family rather than becoming fragmented.

One thing which has excited me most over the past year is hearing the boys spontaneously talking about God, and the Bible verses which they have learned. One morning, just before he turned three, one of the boys was anxious about going somewhere. The night before, he had learned the admonition that God gave Joshua, ‘Be strong and of good courage; do not be afraid, nor be dismayed, for the Lord your God is with you wherever you go.’ (Joshua 1:9) I discussed with him what ‘wherever’ meant, and he reached the conclusion that God would be with him and therefore he had no need to be anxious on that particular morning. On other days, I have found them spontaneously praying or giving thanks to God for things which are beautiful or unexpected. They have an astonishing ability to tie together the various different sections of the Bible which they have been taught, and seem to be developing a rounded understanding of these truths. OK, there are also times when they say things like, ‘In the beginning, God created cheese on toast’, or want to spend long times thanking God for all the different vehicles they have seen on the roads that day, but the general trend is encouraging. I have previously commented on how this memory and understanding should not surprise us. We expect three year olds to be able to remember the words to nursery rhymes, or be able to recount details from their favourite books or television programmes, yet we somehow do not expect a similar recall and understanding when it comes to matters of far greater importance. Even though I have thought about this for some time, it is still extremely exciting to hear the words coming spontaneously from them. I look forward to watching this develop over the year ahead.

So overall, I start 2013 feeling hopeful and excited about continuing to educate our boys at home. I am slightly daunted, and often feel aware of my inadequacies. But I can look back on God’s faithfulness, provision and guidance, and put my confidence fully in Him for the year ahead.